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Battle of Whampoa
The Battle of Whampoa was fought between British and Chinese forces at Whampoa Island on the Canton River outside Guangzhou in Guangdong Province, China on 2March 1841 during the First Opium War.〔Ouchterlony 1844, p. 120〕
==Battle==
On 2March 1841, Commodore James Bremer, commander-in-chief of the British forces, sent Capt. Edward Belcher of the ''Sulphur'' to reconnoiter the Junk River. The ship was towed by three of the ''Wellesley''s boats under Lt. Richard Symonds. As they approached the northeast end of Whampoa Island, a Chinese battery of about 25 guns, which were masked by thick tree branches, opened fire on the ships.〔〔''Bulletins'' 1841, p. 348〕 Lt. Symonds immediately cut the tow line, the boats sailed towards the shore and the boat crews landed. The battery was defended by 250 Manchu Tartar troops. They fled for shelter in the neighboring jungle, but were dislodged by artillery from the ''Sulphur''. After the British captured the forts, the guns were destroyed and the works and magazines blown up.〔〔Bingham 1842, pp. 73–74〕
Bremer reported 15 or 20 Tartars killed. One British seaman from the ''Wellesley'' died from wounds after being shot through the lungs with grapeshot.〔〔Hall & Bernard 1846, p. 131〕〔Belcher 1843, p. 158〕 Bremer resigned the command of the land forces to Maj. Gen. Hugh Gough, who joined the fleet on board the ''Cruizer''.〔 Former Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu wrote in his diary entry for 2March: "I hear that the English rebel ships have already forced their way to the fort at Lieh-te. Early in the morning I went to talk things over at the General Office in the Monastery of the Giant Buddha."〔Waley 1958, p. 141〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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